Geographical indication products are the most important economic and cultural values of countries. Geographical indication products that take all their structural features from the region where they are produced / produced / spread are truly the accumulation of humanity. The protection of geographical indication products is possible by the combination of many components. The protection of an agricultural geographic mark affects many agricultural parameters. A food with gastronomic ability means that it is preserved in its ecosystem where it is to be transferred to future generations while preserving the characteristics of a food product. Even this effort and desire constitutes a value chain in itself. Today, geographical indication products in our country consist of three main categories. Our inventory of geographical indication products, consisting of agricultural, food and industrial products, has reached 417 and 408 for registration. Our total registration potential is 3500. The high number is due to the fact that these lands are the transition point of cultures and a special climate zone. Branding and marketing communication activities of Geographical indication products are now reduced to the expertise at the micro level. The subject and purpose of this article is to provide general information about the merits of Eskişehir meerschaum.
Meerschaum is defined as white gold with its unique feature. Its origins in world history are based on the long siege of Vienna (1683). Just as in coffee, the Janissaries are said to introduce the Austrians. Meerschaum is a white porous mineral that is easy to process; in the soil, in large veins sprinkled in pebbles clusters, (ranging from 250 g to 7 kg), the main substance is a hydrated magnesia silicate. Although the largest reserve in the world is located in Eskişehir, it is also found in France, Greece, Spain, South Africa and USA.
Meerschaum, which has a history of 5000 thousand years, is almost equal to the fate and history of Eskişehir. Eskişehir, one of the world's first export centers, has sent meerschaum to the most remote corners of the world during the ancient ages. Meerschaum is the equivalent of Denizköpüğü in Turkish. This is from the German equivalent of Meerschaum. But in the local Eskişehir Stone, Patal, Aktaş is also called. When we look at the history of meerschaum, we find interesting information. If you need to sort;
• The first written source mentions the meerschaum when the traveler Ali Bin Abu Bakr al-Herevi came to Eskişehir in 1173.
• Tobacco smoking, which started in the Ottoman Empire in 1600, causes the meerschaum to begin its golden years.
• In the 18th century, Turkish traders participated in trade fairs in Europe, increasing interest. Meerschaum processing workshops are opened in various cities of Europe.
• It is known that in the 1850s, approximately 10,000 people worked in the sector and villages were formed around the mines. Meerschaum was a state monopoly; Either he would run it with his own hand or he would give it to an operator.
• In 1834, a crate of meerschaum was worth 625 francs, ie 30 Ottoman gold.
• The route brought to Istanbul on the back of the animals was called the Meerschaum road. Since there was no customs duty, it became the center of Vienna's meerschaum.
• To give an example in terms of proportioning; In 1876, 8,798 crates of meerschaum were sold to Vienna in one year and 1,093,883 kurush revenue was recorded in the treasury.
• In the Republican era, with the encouragement of Atatürk, Ali Osman established the Denizköpüğü workshop and raised young generations.
• In 1972, the sale of raw meerschaum abroad was prohibited by legal regulations.
• Meerschaum has three main bearing regions in Eskişehir. These are Karatepe, Yakaboyu and Humid regions.
• Meerschaum, which is valuable even in dust, is used as raw material in various branches of industry, especially ceramics, paint and paper. It will be used in many innovative products in the future with its absorbent feature.
• I think it is our rare geographic landmark with a museum, it has a museum in the Odunpazarı / Kurşunlu Complex. Opened in 2008, the museum has over 400 artifacts.
• In addition, Meerschaum Processing Art has been registered in our national intangible cultural heritage inventory with a total number of 111, with number 48. The contributions of Ali Osman Denizköpüğü (1897-1961), who has been a teacher of meerschaum with great love to this art since 1920, should not be forgotten. His pipes decorate the collections today.
Meerschaum starts at the surface but is found as veins between soil layers or clay layers at a depth of less than 25-30 mt or more. Watching the veins is a coincidence, but it's a coincidence. The galleries are either dry or watery. Even though the ones coming out of the watery galleries are more laborious, they are the best quality. Galleries open first vertically, then continue horizontally.
Meerschaum is divided into 7 different main breeds according to their usage areas.
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