BİZİM İÇİN REKLAM DEĞER ÜRETİRKEN HESAP VEREBİLMEKTİR...

Diyarbakır, the northern star of Mesopotamia, shed light on humanity throughout all ages. These lands, which are the settlements of the world's first agricultural communities, began to be enlightened in our knowledge of the Neolithic age when the archaeological site of Çayönü Mound was started. Çayönü, with its history dating back 10,000 years, also gives us the traces of the first urbanization started here. Besides, Ergani-Hilar caves, Silvan-Hassuni caves, Bismil-Körtiktepe and Bismil-Üç Tepe Mound are important research areas for humanity in terms of showing the traces of our dark past.

 

Diyarbakır is a historical gateway to civilizations. Civilizations established in Diyarbakır and its environs are respectively: Hurrians known as Subartular (3000-1260 BC), then Assyrians (1260-1190 BC), Kumruks (1190-1116 BC), 1116-653 BC and M. Until 653 B.C. Aramibit can be seen in the region. After the Saka-Scythian Turks descended and settled here, the region constantly changes hands among the Medes, Persians, Macedonians, Seleucids and Romans. After the Eastern Roman domination in AD 395, the Hephthalites took to the stage of history. VII. After the 15th century, Diyarbakır becomes the Umayyads, Abbasids, Hamdanids, Buveyhoğullar and Mervanoğulları, Akkoyunlu and finally Ottoman Empire lands.

 

Diyarbakır is one of the mythological memories of the ancient history of Asia Minor archeology. The dominant culture of the period is one of the few city cultures in the world that has preserved its essence, as well as efforts and efforts to bring the city closer to itself. Today Milan, Paris, Hamburg, Beijing, St. Diyarbakır continues to surprise us with its similarities to the urban cultural forms of cities such as St. Petersburg, Vienna, Barcelona, ​​Lisbon, and Dublin. These fertile lands are naturally important in terms of agricultural history. One of the most striking products in the region, which is the center of many geographically marked products, is Karacadağ Rice.

 

Karacadağ, which reinforces the city's strategic position and agricultural power; The highest point of the extinct volcanic mountain, which was formed as a result of the pressure exerted by the Arabian plate on the Anatolian Plate, is 1952 meters. The mountain, which consists of basal plates, has a diameter of 120 km, 8000 km² and a very low slope of 2%. Montenegro, which was active in three different periods; It has repelled the fertility of the plains of Diyarbakır, Şanlıurfa and Mardin. Although the slopes of the mountain overlooking the Diyarbakır side have fertile land, other slopes that are stony have hidden their real abundance. It has given these stony areas the world's most special rice grown with snow water flowing from its slopes.

 

Karacadağ rice surprises us by collecting everything that is against the known paddy agriculture.

 

 

	2013/14	2014/15	2015/16	2016/17	2017/18	Değişim (%)2
Field ( 1000 ha)1	116	111	116	116	110	-5,6
Efficiency (kg/da)1	814	749	794	793	821	3,5
Production	540	498	552	552	540	-2,2
Domestic use	668	754	782	782	795	1,7
İmport	320	293	199	244	327	34,0
Export	35	40	61	68	59	-13,3
Stock Change	152	-8	-98	-59	8	112,8

Source: TURKSTAT (10.01.2020) 1 / Refers to paddy data. 2 / Shows the change of the last two marketing years with data

Geographical Indication Journey of Karacadağ Rice

Karacadağ Rice, whose application was made on 04 November 2010 with the initiative of Diyarbakır Governorship as the registration owner: On March 28, 2018, our geographical mark numbered 337 was registered by the Turkish Trademark Patent Authority.

 

KARACADAĞ RICE AS A GEOGRAPHICAL MARKED PRODUCT

 

Geographical Boundaries: It is produced in Karacadağ Basin, Çınar, Hazro, Çermik, Kocaköy, Şanlıurfa Province Siverek and Viranşehir and Mardin Derik districts and villages.

 

Description and Distinctive Features of the Product:

Karacadağ paddy: Karacadağ paddy; Medium-transient, poaceae with a grain length of around 6-7 mm, a grain size of around 4-5 mm, with a medium-sized grain size, with straw yellow and light brown husks surrounding the grain, with a vegetation period of around 140 to 150 days (Gramineae ) of the Oryza sativa L. species of the family are the unpeeled husked grains of the local cultivated plants.

 

Karacadağ Rice: The paddy, which is the fruit of local cultivated plants of the Oryza sativa L. type, is peeled in accordance with the technique; obtained after the embryo, fruit shell (pericarp) and aleuron are partially removed by applying various polishing processes; It is a matte white, light yellow peeled paddy rice product with a grain length of 4-6 mm, grain width of 3-4 mm.

 

The special soil structure of the region and its adaptation to special irrigation water distinguishes Karacadağ paddy from other varieties. Karacadağ soils are in the form of a red-brown, exposed soil layer formed by deep rock layers due to the sedimentation of volcanic eruptions. The soil surface is covered with stones of various sizes. Some of these stones were partially cleaned by the producers in the paddy fields. Although rich in organic matter (5%), it has a shallow profile.

The properties of irrigation water used in Karacadağ paddy agriculture also differ from other culture paddy. Cultivated paddy is cultivated with irrigation water with a temperature above 15 ° C, while Karacadağ paddy is cultivated with water at 5-10 ° C, as irrigation is carried out with water that fills the ponds with the melting of the snow falling in the winter season and spring water.

 

Grains have high water absorption ability during cooking. There is no flaking and stickiness feature. Rice grains do not fall apart during cooking and keep their shape. The high protein and high starch in the grain make the product delicious. In many studies conducted on Karacadağ rice, it is seen that the grain weight consists of 8-11% protein and 70-80% starch. It is known that Karacadağ rice absorbs 2 times more water during cooking compared to other breeding varieties, especially due to this high protein and starch in its grain composition. Thanks to many essential amino acids, vitamins and enzymes, especially Arginine it contains, it finds widespread use in formula formulation for children in growing age. The fact that the oil and lipid ratio of Karacadağ paddy is above 2% prevents the product from being kept for a long time under natural conditions. It is more suitable for fresh consumption.

 

As the name suggests, the term local population exists in mixed populations. This mixed population feature ensures that the variety is adapted to the local ecology and is resistant to some stress conditions, especially diseases and pests. It provides an advantage for them in terms of genetic structure. Because of these properties, it is also valuable as a breeding material. The fact that Karacadağ paddy has the color of straw yellow and light brown husk, its bones are yellow or black and its population as a population cause it to be called under different names in the folk language. While it is referred to as "yellow paddy" in some regions, the name "karakılçık" is also used in some regions, and it has been widely used as "Karacadağ paddy" and "Karacadağ rice" in the Karacadağ basin.

 

The most striking aspect of Karacadağ paddy in terms of its appearance is the color of paddy and rice. It is observed that husk paddy is bright straw yellow and light brown. Rice, on the other hand, is not light white like other rice, but in matt white and light yellow color tones. Karacadağ rice also has an aromatic feature due to the volatile fatty acids it contains during cooking. While the breeding varieties sold in the market have an odorless or chaff-like smell specific to rice, Karacadağ rice has a unique fragrance with mint thyme mixture. This feature is thought to be due to its ability to adapt to warm ecologies.

 

Production Method:

 

In areas where Karacadağ paddy is cultivated, paddy cultivation is done as sprinkling in stony fields. There is also no possibility of machine soil tillage in stony areas. On the stone-free base lands, after deep tillage with a plow in the areas where the tractor can enter, the soil is cultivated with a cultivator and disc harrow in the spring and a flat planting area is created. Between the middle of April and the end of May, with the calculation of 15-17 kg per decare, dry seeds are sprinkled on the field and the fields are irrigated with the flood irrigation method. There is no pan forming process. In order to ensure the flow of water only, embankments are placed on the field at certain intervals. While the use of herbicides against weeds was not used until recent years, it has been used today. The harvest was first made with a sickle and then blended after drying in the field. But nowadays, it can be made with a combine harvester in flat areas.

 

Paddy cultivation, which is cultivated in irrigable areas, is mostly carried out by leasing. Paddy farmers coming from inside or outside the village can use the lands according to the amount of water provided that they share a certain percentage of the product. The ownership status of the paddy land is 30-100 decares. Water resources are used jointly, land owners get their share of the product according to the width of the land property. Paddy cultivation is carried out throughout the season by irrigation workers called “cenan”. These take 10% of the product as their own shares. As a result of the allocation to families whose land is not large but small, only a few sacks of rice fall, which creates their winter livelihood.

The Karacadağ elevation in the Southeastern Anatolia Region is the regions with the highest snowfall in winter. Irrigation water can be provided as a result of the melting of the snow water and flowing in the form of streams in March and April. Therefore, the irrigation water temperature is low in the paddy cultivation areas of Karacadağ.

 

An important aspect in terms of Turkey paddy farming, and alkali salt is effective in raising the lands and even improve these types of terrain.

 

Since Karacadağ Rice is grown in stony areas that are not suitable for field agriculture in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, it makes a significant contribution to the economy of the province and the country by utilizing such areas. With the increase in demand for Karacadağ Rice, which is an alternative product in watery areas and has a unique flavor, the areas where Karacadağ Rice is grown have increased and it has started to be planted in 1st class field soil besides the stony areas.

 

Seed Selection:

 

The seed to be sown; It should be a clean, certified seed from seed-borne disease, pests (blight, fusarium, white tip nemotode), weed and red rice seeds. By using only high quality seeds, the yield can be increased by 20-25%. The certified seed production of Karacadağ Rice in the region is almost nonexistent. Rice factories sift the paddy seeds purchased from the producers and remove the weed seeds and other foreign substances, and then sell the seeds to the farmers. There is no public institution or private sector producing the certified seeds of the Karacadağ Paddy.

Sowing Time and Planting Amount:

 

Paddy is a summer plant. For germination of breeding varieties, the soil and water temperature should be above 18 0 C, while the water temperature in the areas where Karacadağ Paddy is planted should be around 8-15 0 C. The planting time starts on April 20th and continues until the end of May. The amount of seed thrown per decare is around 10-15 kg / da in stony areas. In non-stony areas, 15-18 kg / da seed is used.

 

Sowing Method:

 

In order to ensure that the seeds germinate quickly and hold on to the soil, the seeds are soaked 1 day before planting to swell and sowing is done in this way. Paddy cultivation is mostly done by sprinkling dry seeds by hand or with a seed drill. Generally, sowing is done with a fertilizer spreader called fry.

 

Harvest Time and Harvest-Threshing Method:

 

In the past, the paddy harvested with a sickle used to be blended after being dried in the field. However, nowadays, it can be harvested with a combine harvester in flat, not much stony areas. In areas with high stone ratio, it is shaped with a sickle and after the paddy plants are dried, they are transported to the threshing area and blended by combine harvesters.

 

The best time to harvest the paddy is when 80% of the cluster is straw yellow. Meanwhile, the leaves are still green. The best way to determine the harvest time is to measure the moisture in the grain. Harvesting at 22 -24% humidity gives the highest quality and fracture-free yield. Harvesting is done by hand or with a combine harvester. The stems, which are cut by hand, first with a sickle, are left in 4-5 pans and after the grains are dried, they are carried to the place where the threshing machine is located. Piles should not be kept too high, as the high rate of moisture may cause the grains to overheat.

 

Paddy can be harvested by hand sickle, then threshing or directly harvested by a combine harvester. Harvest with combine harvester has reached very high rates in recent years. Particular attention should be paid to grain moisture during harvesting with a combine harvester, and harvesting should be done at low speed at the combine harvester while the paddy is at 22-24% moisture. Otherwise, as the fracture-free yield rate will decrease, the market value also decreases.

 

Harvest starts on September 20 and ends in October. It is blended with a combine harvester in places where the harvester can enter, and with a sickle in places where the combine cannot enter, and then with a combine harvester or threshing drum. The yield per decare is around 400 kg on average. Rice yield is around 60-65% without separating the broken grains.

Karacadağ Rice and Marketing Communication

 

 

There is a relationship between the metaphorical infrastructure of the brand and the mythological narrative. The uncertainty of these two phenomena will always make them mysterious. Where the brand starts and where it ends and the share of reality in mythological discourse means we will write more about them. Although the analysis in the given area of ​​the brand enables us to move forward in marketing and marketing communication, this area that will always remain closed also makes communicationists make mistakes. When it comes to geographically marked products; It has the characteristics of minimizing communication accidents on the way to go with the right corporate discourse and correct corporate identity tools. Because these concepts, which are already in the mind library in one way or another, solve the problems of positioning in many ways. When it comes to Karacadağ, in addition to many concepts, even Kırklar Mountain and Suzan Suzi alone are enough to create the metaphorical infrastructure. Karacadağ rice not only contributed to the economy of the region, but also shaped the gastronomy of the region.

 

Karacadağ Rice, located with the historical archaeological depth of the region, is one of our original products that will be the center of attraction for four seasons with correct marketing communication strategies. It is certain that a geographically marked rice will create a high added value when its awareness is increased in the national market, as well as creating awareness in foreign markets. In addition, it is certain that Karacadağ rice will turn into an innovative product in its segment. As long as it is not detached from traditional production ties. This rice, which has no chance to be grown elsewhere, is also valuable enough to be the sought-after raw material of the baby food industry, which has a large market share. baby changing parental behavior with ever-growing market of $ 200 billion annually in the world, the growth potential of a brand positioned in this area if it is considered to be around 12 billion TL in Turkey is very high. Baby food constitutes 1.5 billion TL of this market. The growing demand and desire of parents for natural / organic / healthy products will justify this analysis. Annually, 1.2 million babies in the world, which made the strategic depth of Turkey came to Karacadağ baby rice market is certain to find money in different baby food market.

 

Thanks to the event management that will be made for Karacadağ, Diyarbakır and Karacadağ rice, the awareness created by regional tourism activities will also contribute to the tourism locations of the region.

 

 

Kemal ÇİFÇİ

Brand Consultant

Secretary General of the Geographical Indications Association

16 December 2020 Sokullu-Ankara

 

References:

1- Abdullah ÖKTEM / Karacadağ Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivation in Şanlıurfa Conditions

Survey Study on (2016) 3: 102-108

2- https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/ Çeltik Agricultural Products Market Report 2020 January.

3- Karacadağ Rice Geographical Indication Certificate

4- Aslan Kaya - Agricultural Engineer, General Secretary of Diyarbakır Sur Chamber of Agriculture